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Referencing Models 

The TCP/IP Model: Model is a conceptual framework used to describe the functions of a networking system. This model divides network functions into 4 (sometimes describe by 5) layers

The OSI Model: Mainly used for debugging it is a conceptual framework used to describe the functions of a networking system. This model divides network framework into 7 layers.

Protocols

Networks need to have a set of rules of how to communicate and transmit information from start to end.

These rules are called PROTOCOLS

Without common protocols, networks would not understand each other.

Protocols work with specific layers of the network model, depending on the function

A port in networking is a software-defined number associated to a network protocol that receives or transmits communication for a specific service

Why are network functions logically separated into layers?

What is a layer:
    A division of network functionality

The Advantages of layers:
    Each layer is self contained
    Each layer allows different developers to concentrate on one aspect of the network
    Each layer can be taken out and edited without affecting other layers
    The separation of layers promotes interoperability between vendors and systems

The TCP/IP Protocol suite

The TCP/IP Protocol suite is important because the internet uses it to communicate and transmit data.

It is a set a suite of communication protocol used to interconnect network devices on the internet

TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each gateway computer or router on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the message.


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